Trade Relations

Romania maintains robust trade connections across Europe and globally, with its manufacturing and agricultural sectors driving substantial export activity. According to OEC data, Romania’s primary export destinations include:

• Germany ($19.9 billion)
• Italy ($10.2 billion)
• France ($6.5 billion)
• United Kingdom ($5.14 billion)
• Hungary ($4.22 billion)

Exports

Romania’s export economy showcases its industrial strengths. In 2023, Romania’s top exports were:

• Cars ($9.37 billion)
• Motor vehicle parts and accessories ($8.05 billion)
• Insulated Wire ($4.11 billion)
• Wheat ($3.13 billion)
• Electrical Control Boards ($3.04 billion)

Romania holds unique export niches, being the world’s largest exporter of Sunflower Seeds ($859 million) and Non-Retail Silk Yarn ($104 million).

Imports

Romania’s import profile reflects its industrial needs and consumer demand. The country’s top imports in 2023 included:

• Motor vehicle parts and accessories ($5.36 billion)
• Packaged Medicaments ($4.31 billion)
• Cars ($4.27 billion)
• Crude Petroleum ($4.15 billion)
• Refined Petroleum ($3.41 billion)

The main origins of Romanian imports are Germany ($25.1 billion), Italy ($11.3 billion), Hungary ($8.43 billion), Poland ($8.29 billion), and China ($7.45 billion).

For Polish businesses interested in expansion, Trading Economics data shows that trade between Poland and Romania is significant, with Polish exports to Romania reaching $8.56 billion in 2024, while Polish imports from Romania totaled $3.44 billion in the same period.

Romanian Consumers

Several key characteristics shape Romanian online shopping habits:

• Strong brand awareness but growing price sensitivity
• Comfort with cross-border purchasing
• High trust in reviews and recommendations
• Preference for visual content when researching products

Mobile optimization is critical, as Romanians increasingly use smartphones for both research and purchases.

Payment Methods

Romanian payment preferences mix traditional and modern approaches. According to Statista, online shoppers prefer:

• Visa/Mastercard: 61%
• Cash-on-Delivery: 51%
• Domestic bank credit/debit cards: 41%
• Digital wallets (PayPal, Alipay): 30%
• Other payment solutions (Payu, ING Home Pay, mobile apps): 11-13%

This diversity means offering multiple payment options maximizes conversion chances.

VAT Rates in Romania

Romania operates a multi-tier VAT system businesses need to navigate correctly.

According to PWC’s tax summary, the standard VAT rate is 19%, applying to most goods and services that don’t qualify for exemptions or reduced rates.

Romania offers two reduced VAT rates:

• 9% VAT applies to medicine, food and beverages (excluding alcoholic drinks), agricultural products, irrigation water, fertilizers, housing as part of social policy, photovoltaic panels and other energy-efficient systems, and access to recreational facilities.
• 5% VAT applies to educational materials (school manuals, books, newspapers), cultural venues (museums, historical monuments), thermal energy for population and public institutions, and firewood supplies.

Consumer Protection and Regulations

Romania has specific product labeling and packaging requirements that affect both physical and online businesses.

Based on Lizenzero’s overview, Romania’s Law no. 249/2015 on packaging and packaging waste management establishes Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) regulations. These require manufacturers and importers to:

• Take responsibility for the packaging placed on the Romanian market
• Label products according to the system in Annex Three of the Packaging Act
• Register with the Environmental Fund Administration
• Report quantities of packaging released and recycled monthly

The required labeling must include:

• Three arrows arranged in a triangle
• An alphanumeric number identifying the packaging material
• The material code placed below the triangle

Non-compliance can result in fines up to €5,000 per registration period.

For companies registered outside Romania but selling to Romanian consumers, responsibility may lie with tax representatives, branches, or subsidiaries in Romania.

Website SEO in Romania

As Romanian internet penetration continues climbing—reaching 91.49% of households in 2024—effective SEO becomes increasingly vital for business success.

Search Engines

The search engine market in Romania belongs almost entirely to Google. According to StatCounter, the breakdown looks like:

• Google: 96.53%
• Bing: 2.49%
• Yahoo: 0.32%
• DuckDuckGo: 0.3%
• Yandex: 0.22%
• Others: 0.14%

With Google commanding over 96% of searches, Romanian SEO should prioritize Google’s algorithms almost exclusively. The minimal presence of other search engines means that businesses targeting Romanian consumers need only consider Bing optimization as a secondary concern for specific industries.

Technical SEO

A solid technical SEO foundation matters tremendously for Romanian success. Key areas to address:

• Site architecture that search crawlers can easily navigate
• Mobile responsiveness (critical with increasing smartphone usage)
• Fast loading speeds, optimized for the variable Romanian internet infrastructure
• Structured data to enhance SERP features
• Proper hreflang tags if targeting multiple languages (Romanian, Hungarian, English)
• URL structure that works for local and international contexts

Given Romania’s still-developing internet infrastructure, page speed optimization matters more than in Western Europe. Using content delivery networks (CDNs) with Eastern European distribution points can improve rankings through faster loading times.

Mobile-first indexing isn’t optional —it’s mandatory as Romanians increasingly browse via smartphones. Businesses must ensure their sites provide excellent mobile experiences to maintain visibility in search results.

Domain Extension Selection

For businesses committed to the Romanian market, a .ro domain extension offers several advantages:

• Signals commitment to Romanian consumers
• Generally improves rankings in Romania for local searches
• Builds trust with Romanian customers who prefer local businesses
• May help with compliance for businesses collecting personal data

To register a .ro domain, you’ll need to work with an accredited registrar and  provide appropriate business documentation.

Alternative approaches include:

• Romania-specific subdomain (ro.yourbrand.com)
• Country-specific subfolder (yourbrand.com/ro)
• Geotargeting a standard domain through Google Search Console

Keyword Research

Good keyword research forms the foundation of SEO in Romania. With only 31% of the population speaking English, Romanian-language keyword targeting is essential for reaching most consumers.

Key considerations for Romanian keyword research:

• Use tools like Google Keyword Planner that support Romanian language
• Research terms separately for Romanian and Hungarian (for Transylvania targeting)
• Pay attention to regional terminology variations
• Analyze seasonal and event-based searches related to Romanian holidays
• Focus on long-tail keywords for less competitive opportunities

Romanian search behavior often includes specific product attributes and price modifiers. Including terms like “ieftin” (cheap) or “reducere” (discount) can capture high-intent traffic.

Local Search Terms

For businesses targeting specific Romanian regions, location-based keywords significantly boost relevance. Local search optimization should include terms like:

• “electronice București” (electronics Bucharest)
• “haine Cluj-Napoca” (clothing Cluj-Napoca)
• “avocat Timișoara” (lawyer Timișoara)

Even national brands should consider regional targeting, as local SEO strategies can help achieve higher conversion rates by addressing specific regional needs in cities like Bucharest, Iași, and Constanța.

Content Strategy

Content remains the cornerstone of effective SEO in Romania. To maximize search visibility:

• Create original content in Romanian
• Address topics relevant to Romanian consumers
• Include culturally relevant references and examples
• Tailor formats to Romanian preferences (visual content works particularly well)
• Develop content addressing specific regional interests where appropriate

A particularly effective approach: develop content targeting informational queries higher in the funnel, then guide users toward transactional content. Romanian-language buying guides for popular product categories can capture traffic that eventually converts.

Link Building

Creating a solid backlink profile is crucial for Romanian SEO. Effective link building approaches include:

• Partnering with Romanian industry associations
• Contributing guest articles to Romanian publications
• Building relationships with Romanian bloggers and influencers
• Getting listed in local Romanian business directories
• Participating in local events that generate online coverage

Quality beats quantity—a few authoritative Romanian backlinks will improve rankings more effectively than dozens of low-quality links. Local directories like business.ro and romanian-companies.eu provide valuable local signals, especially for businesses targeting Romanian consumers.

Social Media Integration

While not a direct ranking factor, social media platforms influence Romanian consumer perception and drive traffic. Popular platforms include:

• Facebook (dominates across demographics)
• Instagram (especially for visual products and younger audiences)
• TikTok (growing fast among younger Romanians)
• LinkedIn (for B2B and professional services)

Strategic social media integration supports SEO by boosting brand awareness, driving site visits, and creating opportunities for content sharing and link generation.

Why Choose Us for SEO in Romania

1. Romania-Specific Digital Expertise

We’ve built specialized knowledge of Romanian search patterns and consumer behavior that generic SEO tactics miss. Our team regularly analyzes the evolving Romanian market, tracking search trends across major cities like București, Cluj-Napoca, and the emerging tech hub of Timișoara. We know how economic factors, seasonal trends, and cultural moments shape Romanian search habits.

2. Multilingual Content Mastery

We work with native Romanian speakers who understand both language nuances and cultural context. For businesses targeting Transylvania, we can develop Hungarian-language content while maintaining SEO best practices across both languages.

3. Technical Excellence for Romanian Infrastructure

Our international SEO expertise extends to Romania’s specific technical challenges. We implement solutions designed for Romanian internet usage patterns—from lightweight page designs that load quickly on variable connections to structured data that captures featured snippets in Romanian search results.

4. Comprehensive Digital Value Chain

Rather than isolating SEO from other initiatives, we integrate it with complementary approaches, including content marketing tailored to Romanian preferences and link building that leverages relationships with Romanian digital influencers, publications, and business communities.

5. ROI-Focused Measurement

We focus on business outcomes, not just traffic metrics. Our reporting connects Romanian SEO efforts directly to leads, conversions, and revenue, helping you understand exactly how your investment translates to business growth in this promising market.

As Romania’s digital sophistication continues growing, businesses implementing professional SEO services now can establish strong positions before competition intensifies.

Summary

Romania offers compelling opportunities for businesses looking to expand in Eastern Europe. With EU membership, strong economic growth, and rapidly developing digital adoption, it’s an attractive market for companies with proper search engine optimization.

Success requires understanding Romania’s distinctive characteristics:

• A rapidly developing economy with strong manufacturing and service sectors
• Limited English proficiency (31%) makes Romanian localization essential
• High internet penetration (91.49% of households) with growing e-commerce adoption
• Strong cross-border shopping tendencies, particularly from China and Western Europe
• A Google-dominated search landscape (96.53% market share), making it the primary focus for SEO efforts

With Google controlling over 96% of the search market, it represents the overwhelming priority for optimization efforts. Businesses that implement comprehensive SEO strategies now can establish strong positions in this growing market.

Contact us to discover how our SEO experts can help you develop a winning strategy for Romania.